This series of reports analyzes farm commercialization and access to agricultural services in Myanmar. It assesses the perceived security situation of crop farmers, the availability and prices of agricultural inputs, access to services such as extension and credit, farm-level crop prices, changes in income from crop sales, and key challenges related to crop marketing.
Latest Findings from the 2025 Monsoon Season
- Insecurity continues to affect farming, as reflected in the substantial share of farmers who feel unsafe and report being unable to move freely to buy inputs or sell outputs without serious concerns for their safety. Twenty-three percent of farmers reported feeling “very insecure” or “insecure” during the survey period. Additionally, 7 percent reported that some agricultural fields in their area could not be cultivated due to conflict. Furthermore, 9 percent of farmers expressed fear of storing produce at home because of the risk of confiscation or destruction.
- Despite challenges related to fuel and mobility, agricultural inputs were largely available during the monsoon, reflecting the resilience of the private sector in supplying these goods even under difficult conditions. However, labor scarcity is becoming more pronounced, seemingly linked to migration and insecurity. Input prices continued to rise, with fertilizer prices increasing by 24 percent compared to two years earlier. Other input costs, including mechanization and wages, increased even more.
- On the output side, prices for paddy—grown by 64 percent of all farmers during the monsoon—fell over the last two years, leading to reduced investments and lower agricultural productivity. Other crops linked to export markets also experienced price declines or only moderate increases over the same period, including pigeon pea (-18 percent) and maize (+28 percent), compared to much larger increases for more domestically consumed crops such as tomato (+178 percent), betel nut (+75 percent), and betel leaves (+43 percent). • Most farmers reported either stabilization or worsening of agricultural sales income compared to the previous monsoon. Thirty-nine percent of farmers reported lower incomes in the 2025 monsoon season than in the previous monsoon, with 22 percent experiencing declines of more than 20 percent. Only 30 percent reported an increase in sales income.
- The use of agricultural credit during the 2025 monsoon continued its decline, falling from 47 percent of farmers in 2021 to 38 percent in 2025—a decrease of 9 percentage points. This decline occurred across all agro-ecological zones except the Delta. Access to agricultural extension services remained at levels similar to previous years, with 35 percent of farmers accessing some type of extension service.
- Security challenges continue to hinder crop commercialization in Myanmar. Conditions vary across states and regions, with the Delta—the country’s rice bowl—experiencing relatively better security conditions. Farmers in conflict-affected areas face greater obstacles to commercialization, including reduced availability of agricultural inputs.
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Season |
Topic |
Link to Report |
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2025 Monsoon Season |
Farm Commercialization and Farm Services |
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2025 Dry Season |
Farm Commercialization and Farm Services |
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2024 Dry Season |
Farm Commercialization and Farm Services |
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2023 Monsoon Season |
Agricultural Input Markets, Credit and Extension Services |
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Farming Environment and Farm Commercialization |
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2023 Dry Season |
Agricultural Input Markets, Credit and Extension Services |
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Farm Commercialization |
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2022 Monsoon Season |
Farm Commercialization |
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2022 Dry Season |
Farm Commercialization |