Publications

Myanmar’s multiple exchange rate framework, introduced in mid-2022, has substantially affected agricultural incentives. By requiring exporters to convert part of their foreign exchange earnings at below-market exchange rates, the system depressed domestic prices of export crops. At the same time, foreign exchange shortages and import restrictions increased the cost of imported agricultural inputs. Both exchange […]

This paper examines patterns of household indebtedness in this environment — looking at who is borrowing, from whom, for what purposes, and with what consequences for household welfare. Key Highlights - Read the Report Household indebtedness has declined substantially. Between 2021 and 2025, the share of households in debt in rural areas fell by 21 […]

The rapidly evolving agricultural and food security situation in Myanmar requires a high frequency, systematic, and comprehensive approach to monitoring. The Myanmar Monthly Food Price Report synthesizes food price trends using publicly available datasets, focusing on key agricultural crops and highlighting regional differences in rice prices. By analyzing these trends, the report aims to provide […]